The knowledge related to the to have verb in English

TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE NUMBER
1. INTRODUCTION	 
2
 1.1.Rationale 
2
 1.2. Aims of the sudy
2
 1.3. Scope of the study
2
 1.4. Methods of the study
3
2. DEVELOPMENT	 	 
3
 2.1. Practical background	 
3
 2.2. The reality of teaching and learning the knowledge related to TO HAVE verb at Ba Thuoc 3rd Upper secondary school.
4
 2.3.The usages of TO HAVE verb in English
4
 2.3.1. The pronunciation of the TO HAVE verb in different cases 
4
 2.3.2. TO HAVE as an ordinary verb 
5
 2.3.3. TO HAVE as an auxilary verb
17
 2.4. VERIFYING THE SOLUTION OF THE STUDY
21
3. CONCLUSION
22
REFERENCES
23
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1.	Rationale
 English is one of the necessary subjects for students in general, and even more important for high school students because it is not only a compulsory subject at school but also a subject of decision in the important contests as high school exams and university entrance exams. It is considered as a main key to open the treasure of human knowledge. Like other languages, English verbs are the main ingredients in the English sentence. Among the many verbs, the TO HAVE verb is used and how to use it can be said to be the most diverse. 
For students, the knowledge related to the TO HAVE verb and differences of this verb in each structure are not simple. Therefore, I have decided to choose the topic "The knowledge related to the TO HAVE verb in English" to systematize in a relatively full usage and to help students learn more effectively.
1.2. Aims of the study 
 This study is conducted to help 11th – form students of Ba Thuoc 3rd Upper secondary school to understand the TO HAVE verb more clearly. Furthermore, it is hoped that students learn how to use the knowledge relating to the TO HAVE verb. To summarize the above, my study is aimed at:
Providing the theoretical background about the verb “ to have”
Analyzing the types of the TO HAVE verb and its specific usages
Some difficulties posibly encountered by students at Ba Thuoc 3rd Upper secondary school when using the TO HAVE verb .
Suggesting some feasible solutions to help teacher and students at the school improve the quality of teaching and learning English skills, especially in mastering English grammar rules.
1.3. Scope of the study
 Given the rationale and the aims of the study, it is necessary to limit the study to the areas which are manageable. Benefits of summarizing the knowledge involved with TO HAVE verb create the effectiveness of students’ learning and grammar which focus on two factors: developing students’s motivation and understanding of the lesson. The subject under the study are the 11th – form students at Ba Thuoc 3rd Upper secondary school.
1.4. Methods of the study
 To complete this study, the following steps implemented:
Collected references and books related to English grammar are analyzed in details to form the theoretical background this paper.
The available theory concerning with TO HAVE verb is studied and followed in my study paper.
Ideas of some possible difficulties are got from my understanding the English learning and teaching English at Ba Thuoc 3rd Upper secondary school as well as my gained experiences in training course.
2. DEVELOPMENT	
2.1. Practical background
 English verb is a main ingredient in sentence and TO HAVE verb in the English language is also. Moreover, this verb is also used in many sentence structures with many different meanings.
 Obviously, TO HAVE verb along with TO BE verb has the most diverse usage in English. These are the verbs which the students encounter regularly during the process of learning English at school.
 However, during the time of teaching English, we can see that not all students can master the knowledge system related to this verb.
 There are many reasons why students can not master this knowledge well. The first reason is because of the English learning environment. Primarily, students often practise writing to memorize grammatical structures and do not pay much attention to practising speaking. The second one is that students themselves are not aware of the necessity of learning English subject and learn English as a compulsory task. The limited ability of the students for absorbing English lessons is also considered as a reason students can not achieve high results although some students have tried to spend much time on learning English. The last reason is because students do not know how to systematize the knowledge accordingly so that they can master the basic content of a lesson.
 It is a fact that students try to remember the formula mechanically, or think
carelessly and sometimes do not find out the nature of the problem clearly to infer basic conclusions.
 Therefore, teachers should provide a fairly complete knowledge system to their students , and help them understand carefully the knowledge learned.
2.2. The reality of teaching and learning the knowledge related to TO HAVE verb at Ba Thuoc 3rd Upper secondary school.
 For high school students in general and at Ba Thuoc 3rd Upper secondary school in particular , the TO HAVE verb is usually considered as a auxiliary verb and they do not know about the other usages of this verb. If regular verbs in the present tense on confirmation is divided as V, Vs or Ves with most verbs (eg I like ... or ... He likes; I watch ... or He watches ...), the HAVE verb can be divided into “HAVE” or “HAS”
Students need to distinguish the difference between HAVE and HAVE GOT . The negative forms of “HAVE” are used as “ DO NOT HAVE” or “DOES NOT HAVE” while “HAVE GOT” being “HASN’T GOT” or “GOT”. 
 In the next lesson, the students are required to distinguish the usages of “HAVE” meant as “possess” (sở hữu). It is a fact that most of the students have translated an English sentence "I have breakfast at 6:30 a.m" into Vietnamese : " Tôi có bữa sáng lúc sáu rưỡi sáng."
 They also have to keep in mind that “ HAVE” means as "possess", it is not used in the continuous tenses. However, the “HAVE” verb has other meanings used in the continuous tenses.
For example, we can say: "I'm having breakfast." but we can not say, "She is having a new car of the her own now".
 The TO HAVE verb with the function of an auxiliary verb is also complicated. It can be used as auxiliary verb in the present perfect tense, present perfect continuous tense, past perfect tense , past perfect continuous tense, future perfect, future perfect continuous (active and passive sentences ). 
 In short, to teach students how to understand and distinguish the different usages of the TO HAVE verb is very difficult, and it is more difficult to help students how to systematize this knowledge in a fairly full way.
2.3. The usages of TO HAVE verb in English
2.3.1. Pronunciation
 Being a special verb, “TO HAVE” is conjugated : “has/have” for the present tense and “had” for past tense . In affirmative form or negative from; present tense or part tense, the verb has its abbreviation:
	“have” can be pronounced as [hæv ] or [həv]
	“has” can be pronounced as [hæz] or [həz]
We pronounce [hæv]/ [hæz] when there is stress and [həv]/[ həz] when there is no.
	I have – I’ve [aiv]
	He has – He’s[hi:z]
	She has – She’s [∫i:z]
	It has - It’s[its]
	We has – We’ve[wi:v]
	You have – You’ve [ju:v]
	They have – They’ve[ðeiv]
have not = haven’t [hævnt]
has not = hasn’t [hæznt]
had not= hadn’t [hædnt]
Eg:
has [həz] 	Has anyone seen my pencil?
	He has been here.
	She has got a book.
 [s]	It’s fallen on the floor
	What’s happened?
 [hæz] Has he got a ballpen?-> yes, he has
	He hasn’t seen it yes.
have [həv]	Where have you been? 
	I have got a book 
	They have gone
 [hæv] Have you got a pen? -> yes, I have
	I haven’t seen you for weeks
	Have you finished?
had [hæd]	He had a headache yesterday.
	I hadn’t a car
2.3.2. HAVE as an ordinary verb
2.3.2.1. HAVE and HAVE GOT meaning “possess”
 This is the basic mean of HAVE.
2.3.2.1.1.The present form of HAVE as an ordinary verb
Affirmative full form
Short form
Negative short form
I have
You have 
He has
She has 
It has
We have
They have
I’ve
You’ve
He’s 
She’s 
It’s 
We’ve
They’ve
I don’t have
You don’t have
He doesn’t have 
She doesn’t have 
It doesn’t have 
We don’t have
They don’t have
a chance
2.3.2.1.2.The past form of HAVE as an ordinary verb
Affirmative full form
Short form
Negative short form
I had
You had
He had
She had 
It had
We had
They had
I’d
You’d
He’d 
She’d 
It’d 
We’d
They’d
I didn’t have
You didn’t have
He didn’t have
She didn’t have
It didn’t have
We didn’t have
They didn’t have
a chance
2.3.2.1.3. The present form of HAVE GOT
Affirmative full form
Short form
Negative short form
I have got
You have got
He has got 
She has got
It has got
We have got
They have got
I’ve got
You’ve got
He’s got
She’s got
It’s got
We’ve got 
They’ve got
I haven’/ I’ve not got
You haven’t/ You’ve not got
He hasn’t/ He’s not got
She hasn’t/ He’s not got
It hasn’t/ It’s not got
We haven’t/ We’ve not got
They haven’t/ They’ve not got
a chance
2.3.2.1.4. Notes on the form of HAVE and HAVE GOT meaning POSSESS HAVE and HAVE GOT (= possess) are often interchangable but there are differences between British and American usage.
a, HAVE GOT is basically a perfect form.
Compare the following:
	a, get (= obtain)	b, have got (= possess)
	 A: Go and get the tickets. A: Have you got the ticket?
	 What have you got?	 B: Yes, I’ve got the tickets.
	 B: I’ve got the tickets.	 (= I posess them)
	 (= I have obtained them)
 In British English, HAVE GOT can be used as the perfect form of GET to mean “have obtained” as in “a” above. This meaning is emphasized in the American English form “have gotten” which always means “have obtained”. However, in British English (more rarely in American English) HAVE GOT can also mean “possess” as in “b” above.
	“I have the tickets” and “I’ve got the tickets” are equivalents. 
Indeed, in spoken , idiomatic British English
	“I’ve got the tickets” is more common than “I have the tickets”
b, In British English, questions and negative with HAVE = POSSESS can be formed in the same way as for BE. 
We say:	“Are you ready?”
	“Have you a pen?” (= Have you got a pen?)
	“Aren’t you ready?”
	“Haven’t you a pen?” (= Haven’t you got a pen?)
	“You aren’t ready.”
	“You haven’t a pen.” (= You haven’t got a pen.)	
There is an alternative negative form for HAVE GOT.
	I’ve not got a pen.
But this is less common than
	I haven’t got a pen.
HAVE on its own (without GOT) can also form questions and negatives with do/does/ did. This is usual in American English and is becoming more common in British English. To the extent that:
	“I hadn’t a pen.” and “Had you a pen?” are becoming rare. Common: 	You don’t have a pen.
	Do you have a pen?
	You didn’t have a pen.
	Did you have a pen?
c, HAVE (= possess) is a stative verb. It can’t be used in the progressive though it can be used in all simple tenses.
	Present	: I have a Ford.
	Past	: He had a Ford last year.
	Present perfect	: She has had this car for five years.
	Past perfect	: She told me she had had this car for five years.
	Future	: I will have a new car soon.
	Future perfect 	: By March she will have had her car for five years
	With modal	: I can have a Ford as a company car.
HAVE (= possess) is not normally used in the passive. The imperative (never with GOT) is rare: 	
	Have patience!
d, HAVE GOT (= possess) is normally used only for present reference:
	I’ve got a Ford.
The affirmative “had got” is sometime possible in the past, “had” on its own is generally preferred.
	The bride looked lovely. Her dress had (got) beautiful flowers.	
We can never use “had got” for certain states.
	He had ( not “had got”) long hair when he was a teenager.
“had got” is generally used in its original sense of “had obtained”.
	When I saw him, he had just got a new car.
“will have got” is only used in the sense of “will have obtained”.
	By May I will have got / will have obtained a new car.
HAVE GOT in the passive is impossible.
e, HADN’T GOT is usually possible to DIDN’T HAVE
	I didn’t have / hadn’t got an appointment so I made one for 4 p.m
	I felt cold. I didn’t have / hadn’t got a coat.
HADN’T on its own (always contracted) is possible.
	I hadn’t an appointment.
	I hadn’t a coat.
But not very usual.
In past questions, the usual form is: 
	Did you have a coat?
	Did you have an appoitment?
	When did you have one?
“Had you?” sounds old-fashioned and formal.
“Had you got?” can be used in Yes/No questions but sounds awkward in Wh-questions, so is ususlly avoided.
	Had you got an appointment? 
But not usual: 
When had you got ?
HAVE GOT is preferable to HAVE in WHICH subject-questions:
	Which (pen) have you got? (or Which pen do you have?)
But not usual: 
Which pen have you?
f, Some form of HAVE (= possess) are rare or not encounted at all.
-The short form of the affirmative, especially in the third person (he’s / she’s)
The full form is used
	He/ She has a pen. ( not He’s a pen. ) 
-The uncontracted negative ( The contracted form is normal.)
	I haven’t/ hadn’t a pen.
-Some question forms, except when formed with DO
g, Compare
	My bag’s old. It’s old. (= My bag is old. It is old. ) 
	My bag’s got a hole in it. It’s got a hole in it.
	(= My bag has got a hole in it. It has got a hole in it. )
h, The non-standard form “ain’t got” is commonly heard in place of “haven’t got” and “hadn’t got”. 
	I ain’t got my bag.
	She ain’t got her bag.
Similarly “have” and “has” are often omitted before “got”
	I got my car outside.
2.3.2.1.5. When we use HAVE and HAVE GOT (= possess) 
In all the examples below HAVE can be replaced by HAVE GOT in the present and sometimes in the past. Short form with GOT ( I’ve got) are much more common than full form ( I have got ) especially in speech.
a, In the sense of “own” or “possess” 
	I have (got) a new briefcase.
	She has (got) a nice flat. 
b, In the sense of “be able to provide”
	Do you have/Have you got any ink? 
(= Can you let me have some?)
	Do you have/Have you got any fresh eggs? 
(= Can you let me have some?)
c, Have (got) + number (of things) / quantity of a substance.
	I have (got) ten pencils.
	He has (got) a lot of milk.
d, Possession of physical characteristics.
HAVE and HAVE GOT combine with nouns like:
	a beard; blue eyes; long hair; a scar; a slim figure
to describe appearance. 
	You should see our baby. He has (got) big brown eyes.
	Our dog has (got) long ears.
	This plant has (got) lovely russet leaves.
	Our house has (got) five room.
e, Possession of mental and emotional qualities
HAVE and HAVE GOT combine with nouns like:
	faith; a good mind; patience; a quick temper
To describe character.
	She has (got) nice manners but she has (got) a quick temper.
f, Family relationships
	I have (got) a good brother.
	He has (got) a lot of friends.
g, In the sense of “wear”
	That’s a nice dress you have/ you’ve got on.
	I can’t answer the door. I have (got) nothing on.
h, Illness
HAVE and HAVE GOT combine with nouns describing pains and illness. For the use of a/an with such nouns.
	I have (got) a cold.
	She has (got) a bad headache.
	The baby has (got) measles.
i, Arrangements
HAVE and HAVE GOT combine with nouns like:
	an appointment; a conference; a date; an interview; a meeting 
	I have (got) an appointment with my dentist tomorrow morning 
	Sally has (got) an interview for a job today.
j, Opinions
HAVE and HAVE GOT combine with nouns like: 
	an idea; influence; an objection; an opinion; a proposal; a suggestion; 
	a point of view
	I have (got) an idea.
	Have you (got) any objection to this proposal?
k, In the sense of “There is”
	You have (got) a stain on your shirt.
	(= There is a stain on your shirt.)
	He has (got) sand in his hair.
	(= There is sand in his hair.) 
2.3.2.2. HAVE meaning something other than “possess”
2.3.2.2.1. Formation of HAVE meaning something other than “possess” (denoting action)
Imperative	: Have a cup of coffee!
Simple present	: I always have milk in my tea.
Present progressive 	: We’re having lunch.
Simple past	: We had a lovely holiday last summer.
Past progressive 	: I was having a bath when the telephone rang.
Present perfect	: Poor Jim has just had an accident.
Present perfect progressive	: The children have been having a lot of fun.
Past perfect	: I woke up because I had had a bad dream.
Past perfect progressive	: I woke up. I had been having a bad dream.
Simple future	: I’ll have a haircut tomorrow.
Future progressive 	: If anyone phones, I’ll be having a bath.
Future perfect	: You’ll have had an answer by tomorrow.Future perfect progressive	: She’ll been having treatment all her life. 
With modal verbs	: You could have a cup of tea if you like.
2.3.2.2.2. The formation of HAVE (= possess) and HAVE (other meanings)
a, HAVE in the sense of “eat, enjoy, experience, drink, take” is a dynamic verb so it is concerned with actions ( have a walk) not states like HAVE in the sense of POSSESS ( I have got a car ). Because of this, it can be used in the progressive form of all tenses.
Compare: 
	I have (= I have got) a drink, thanks.
	( It’s in my hand. - stative ) 
	I’m having a drink.
	(I’m drinking. - dynamic ) 
	I have a drink every evening before dinner.
	(= I drink. – dynamic )
HAVE GOT can never replace HAVE used as a dynamic verb
b, HAVE in the sense of TAKE ect is used like any other English verb. This means that
- questions and negatives in the simple present and simple past must be formed with do/does/did.
	Do you have milk in your tea? 
	I don’t have milk in my tea.
	Did you have a nice holiday?
	I didn’t have a nice holiday.
	Does he have drinks everyday?
Compare HAVE meaning POSSESS
	Have you got any milk in your tea? (= Is there any milk in your tea?)
	I haven’t got any milk in my tea. (= There isn’t any milk in my tea.) 
- It occurs freely in all active tenses as the context permits, but passive form are rare.
	A good time was had by all.
- The passive infinitive sometimes occurs in:
	I tried t buy some extra copies of this morning newspaper, but there 
	was none to be had. ( They were not available.)
c, There are no contracted form of HAVE (= take) as an ordinary verb in the simple present and simple past.
	I have a cold shower everymorning. (not I’ve) 
 Compare HAVE meaning “possess”
	I have/I’ve/ I’ve got a new shower in my bathroom.
d, The present and past perfect tenses of HAVE involve the use of HAVE as both auxilary verb and main verb. For this reason, the present perfect and past perfect forms are given in full below.
2.3.2.2.3. Formation of the present perfect of HAVE = TAKE
Affirmative
Short form
Negative short form
I have had
You have had
He has had
She has had
It has had
We have had
They have had
I’ve had
You’ve had
He’s had
She’s had
It’s had
We’ve had
They’ve had
I’ve not had/ I haven’t had
You’ve not had/ You haven’t had
He’s not had/ He hasn’t had
She’s not had/ She hasn’t had
It’s not had/ It hasn’t had
We’ve not had/ We haven’t had
They’ve not had/ They haven’t had
lunch
2.3.2.2.4. Formation of the past perfect of HAVE = TAKE
Affirmative
Short form
Negative short form
I had had
You had had
He had had
She had had
It had had
We had had
They had had
I’d had
You’d had
He’d had
She’d had
It’d had
We’d had
They’d had
I’d not had/ I hadn’t had
You’d not had/ You hadn’t had
He’d not had/ He hadn’t had
She’d not had/ She hadn’t had
It’d not had/ It hadn’t had
We’d not had/ We hadn’t had
They’d not had/ They hadn’t had
lunch
2.3.2.2.5. Notes on the form of “ have had” and “had had”
a, These forms “have had” and “had had” are, of course, quite regular. 
	“I have had my lunch.” and “I had had my lunch.”
Work in the same way as:
	“I have eaten my lunch.” and “I had e