Some experiences help gifted students in grade 8 to study and do passive exercises better

A. INTRODUCTION
I. THE REASON TO CHOOSE TOPIC
 English plays an important role in our lives. English is the most popular and common language in the world, it is a tool to facilitate integration with the international community and region. It helps us integrate and access to international information about science and technology, education, culture, health, industry, agriculture ...
 In periods of economic integration with the world. Learning language is really essential in each country. Especially in Vietnam, learning English has become a necessity of life. Today in the world and in many countries in the region have regarded English as a second language along with their native language to use in life and economic development, such as Singapore, the Philippines .. 
 Our country has renovated gradually, we are committed industrialized countries to modernize and expand relations with other countries. Especially after Vietnam joined the WTO, English is used more and more widely, even in the main in Vietnam. Thus the teaching and learning of foreign languages and especially English are considered important and serious teaching in schools.
 Recognizing the importance , himself a teacher of English at secondary level has the responsibility to equip students with basic knowledge so that they can learn English well at secondary level. Teaching skills are very important to the students but Teaching grammar is also less important. Especially, gifted students. In the book of level 8,9,there are many important grammartical topics such as reported speech, conditional sentences, wish sentences and passive form. Passive form is a part of vital knowledge in the examinations, so the students have to grasp it. In the framework of this article I would like to mention the issue.“ Some experiences help gifted students in grade 8 to study and do passive exercises better” 
II.RESEARCH PURPOSE
The status of teaching and studying passive voice has been applied for many years and finding the best solutions helps gifted students to study and do passive exercises better. 
 III. RESEARCH METHODS
- Documentary research method 
- Practical teaching method
- Pedagogical experimental method
- Coordinative and cooperative method .
 IV. OBJECT AND RESEARCH SCOPE
 - Gifted students in grade 8 of Tran phu secondary school, Nong Cong district, Thanh Hoa province .
 - Some experiences help gifted students in grade 8 to study and do passive exercises better. 
B.CONTENT
I. RATIONALE
English is the global language and also a subject that has been led first in innovation in high schools. The Ministry of Education and Training has developed a project to improve the quality of teaching and learning foreign languages ​​throughout the country. It is possible to speak English in particular and foreign languages ​​in general are focal points which are concerned and developed strongly. Renovation and improvement of the quality of learning foreign languages ​​need many solutions that must first reform the teaching and learning methods. However, in order for students to improve their English language skills, in addition to provide them with an abundant vocabulary, teachers also need to build a solid grammar foundation. And from this, they will develop their ability to communicate in English. Students generally think that English grammar is very mysterious, difficult to understand, so that they feel heavy, bland and become reluctant, afraid when they learn them. Therefore, It is very necessary to teach the subject matter in a systematic, logic and it makes student easy to understand . It is very important for each teacher to teach this subject. 
II. STATE OF THE PROBLEM .
1. The states of teaching and studying English at Secondary School.
 We can not negate that passive English is one of the most important grammatical parts. It is commonly used not only in literature but also in everyday communication. Passive knowledge, however, is sparsely distributed in textbooks from English 8 to 9, which makes it easy for the students to forget and make mistakes. Even some students do not understand why to use passive sentences while we have active sentences. Especially, some special passive sentences. From that fact, I have put the content "Passive in English" into teaching students 8th grade with a duration of 12 periods to help children have the ability to apply passive in many different situations.
2. Result and effect of state.
 By examining the quality of the academic year 2015 - 2016 in grade 8 with learning result as follow.
Class
Total
Good 
fair
Average
Poor
N 
 %
N
%
N
%
N
%
9(2015-2016)
15
1
6,7
4
26,6
6
40,1
4
26,6
 From this state, the position is a direct teacher who teaches English, I always wondered, agonizing to find out appropriate teaching methods for students, to inspire them when they learn passive voice. So every lesson I always create and use many different methods suitably for every student. Especially, teaching passive form.I have applied the following solutions.
 III.help gifted students to study and do passive exercises better. 
 Passive voice is a vital and complicated part in English grammar. The passive sentence in English is used when we want to emphasize the action in the sentence, the agent causes the action, no matter who or what is not important. The passive voice is taught in English 8. It is not an easy problem for the teachers and the students. when the students do passive exercises. They make too many mistakes because they don’t understand sentence transformation clearly. They don’t grasp the theory of passive voice. thus, When I teach passive sentences. I usually pay attention to the theory of passive voice as such usage, form and sentence transformation, some special passive forms and another kinds of exercises. I usually divide passive voice into two parts : Passive voice in tenses and special passive voice. In order to study and do passive sentences better, I have to distinguish active and passive voice. This makes students understand active and passive voice.
1. Difference between active and passive voice 
a. Active sentence:
* Using: Active sentence is the sentence used when the subject himself is reminded to take action 
For example: Mary did her homework yesterday. 
* Normal form of active sentence:
S + V + O
S (subject): Subject
V (verb): verb
O (object): object
For example: My parents are preparing a lot of delicious cakes.
 S V O
 b. Passive Sentence:
* Using:
- Passive sentences are used when the subject himself can not take action.
For example: My money was stolen yesterday. 
* Form of passive sentence.
 be + VpII
 be: verb "to be"
                        VpII: Verb conjugated from two
 2. Passive forms in tenses and special passive forms
a. Structure is used to change from active sentences into passive sentences Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + be + VpII + (by + O)
 When we change active sentence into passive sentence, we have to make following steps .
 - Determine S,V,O and tense of verb in the active sentence
- Change object of active sentence into subject of passive sentence.
- Alter main verb in active sentence into verb (past participle)in passive sentence. 
Add “tobe” before verb (past participle) in the passive sentence ( “ tobe “ depends on tense of main verb ) 
Write other factors down and unchange them . 
Change subject of active sentence into object of passive sentence and place before “by” .
b. Passive forms in tenses 
+ Present progressive tense 
Eg : He is learning a book now .
 -> A book is being learned by him now . 
Form : S + am/is/are + Ving + O -> S + am/is/ are + being + V(pp)by + O 
+ Past progressive tense
Eg: Nam was preparing the meal at that time 
 -> The meal was being prepared by Nam at that time 
Form : S + was/were + Ving + -> S + was/were + being + V(pp) by + O 
+ Present simple tense 
Eg :  She arranges the books on the shelf every weekend. 
 -> The books are arranged on the shelf by her every weekend.
Form : S + V(infi) / V(s/es) + O -> S + am/ is/ are + V(pp) + ..+ by O 
+ Past simple tense 
Eg : He bought a lot of books yesterday 
-> A lot of books were bought by him yesterday 
Form : S + V(ed) + O -> S + was/were + V(pp) + .+ by + O 
+ Present perfect tense 
Eg: She has seen Nam recently 
-> Nam has been seen by her recently.
Form : S + has / have +V(pp) -> S + has/ have + been + V(pp) +...+ by + O 
+ Past perfect tense 
Eg: I went out after I had finished my homework .
 -> Iwent out after my homework had been finished . 
Form : S + had + V(pp) + O -> S + had + been + V(pp) + .+ by + O 
 + Future perfect tense
 Eg : I will have taken an English course by the end of this month
 -> A English course will have been taken by me by the end of this month. 
Form : S + will / shall have + V(pp) + O 
 -> S + will / shall have + been + V(pp) + .+ by + O 
 + Simple future tense 
 Eg: He will meet his mother tomorrow 
 -> His mother will be met tomorrow 
Form : S + will / shall + V(bare infi) + O 
-> S + will / shall + be + V(pp) + .+ by + O 
+ Near future tense : 
Eg: He is going to play tennis tomorrow 
-> Tennis is going tobe played by him tomorrow. 
Form : S + am/is/are + going to + V(bare infi) + O 
 -> S + am/ is / are + going to + be + V(pp) + .+ by + O 
+ Modal verb: 
Eg: He must do his homework today.
 -> His homework must be done today 
Form : S + modal verb + V(bare infi) + O 
 -> S + modal verb + be + V(PP) by + O 
Note : If No is placed before subject in the active sentence, we have to change into negative in the passive sentence. 
 Eg: Nobody has used this bike for two years 
 -> This bike hasn’t been used for two years 
 c. Special passive voice 
 When I teach passive voice,I pay attention to special passive voice for gifted students.This passive voice is applied in the examination for gifted students and it is difficult for them to understand and do exercises correctly. Therefore I have taught this part carefully and give many kinds of different exercises to help students to distinguish them more clearly. 
* Passive voice with verb of two objects : send. Bring, buy, give 
Eg1 : He gave me a new watch yesterday 
 -> I was given a new watch by him yesterday.
 -> A new watch was given to me by him yesterday.
Eg2 : She bought me a new book last week 
 -> I was bought a new book by her last week 
 -> A new book was bought for me by her last week.
Form : S + V + O(io) + O(do)
 -> O(io) + be + V(pp) + O(do)
 -> O(do) + be + V(pp) + to / for + O (io) 
Note : 
- Kinds of verb with preposition “to” : send, bring, give, show.
- Kinds of verb with preposition “for” : buy, get, make, do, save .
*Passive voice with verb : need / make
+ Need 
Eg: You need to water flowers. 
=> Flowers need watering/to be
Form: S.O + need to + V(infi) + O 
=> S(thing) + need to be + V(pp) / S+ need + Ving 
+ Make
Eg : He made me do my homework 
=> I was made to my homework by him 
Form : S + make s.o do s.th =>S.o+ be made + to do s.th
* Passive voice with causative form : have / get 
Eg1: She had him repair her car every day 
 -> She had her car repaired every day
Form : S + have + O1 ( person ) + V(bare infinitive )+ O2( thing) 
 => S + have + O2( thing ) + V(pp) 
Eg2 : Minh got lan to wrap her book 
 -> Minh got her book wrapped by Lan
Form : S + get + O1 (person) + to infinitve + O2(thing ) 
 => S + get + O2 (thing) + past participle 
* Passive voice with verbs of perception : See, watch, hear, smell, taste 
Eg: She saw him come in 
 -> He was seen to come in 
 They saw the man running away 
 -> The man was seen running away 
Form : S + V + O + bare infi / Ving
 => S + be + V(pp) to inifi/ Ving 
* Passive voice with verbs of opinion: say, think, believe, report,rumour,know, claim, assume,estimate, report,annouce, expect,hope............ 
Eg1: They say that he isa good doctor.
Method 1 : It is said that he is a good doctor
Method 2 : He is said to be a good docto
Eg2 People said that he had left for London.
Method 1: It was said that he had left for London.
Method 2: He was said to have left for London
Eg3 : Mamy people believe that the army is crossing the frontier
Method 1 : It is believed that the army is crossing the frontier.
Method 2 : The army is believed to be crossing the frontier.
Form : S + V + ( that) + Clause ( S2 + V2 + O ..............) 
 => It + be + said +(that) + clause (S2 + V2 + O ..........) 
 S2 + be + said + to - infi.............
 + to have + V(pp) 
* Passive voice with imperative sentences 
Eg1: Write your name here 
-> Let your name be written here 
Form : 
+ Verb + O + A 
-> Let + O + be + V(pp) + A
 Eg2 : He let me go out -> I was let go out ->I was allowed to go out 
Form: 
+ (S) + let +sb+ do + sth
-> S + be + let +V(bare infi)
-> S + be + allowed to + V(bare infi) 
Active commands can also be turned into passive with SHOULD/ MUST in some situations:
Eg3 : Don’t use the car in case it breaks down.
–> The car shouldn’t be used in case it break down.
Eg4 : Don’t let the others see you.  
- > Don’t let yourself be seen.
Form : 
Don’t let + Sb + V + you    
–> Don’t let + yourself + be + P.P2
*Passive voice of To - infinitive: : like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope.... + object + to-infinitive 
Eg: He wants someone to take photographs.
→ He wants photographs to be taken.
Form : S + V + O + to + V* + O*
 => S + V + O* + tobe + V* (pp)
+ If object of verb “ to – infi “ is the same subject as the subject of the sentence, the passive form is formed without the object.
Eg : He likes people to call him sir 
 -> He likes tobe called Sir 
 Form : S*+ V + O + to + V* + O
 => S* + V + tobe + V* (pp)
* Passive voice of Gerund: love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit, involve, deny, avoid....etc
Eg: I like you wearing this dress.
>> I like this dress being worn by you.
Form : S + V + O + V*ing + O*
 => S + V + O* + being + V* (pp)
+ If object of verb “ to – infi “ is the same subject as the subject of the sentence, the passive form is formed without the object.
Eg : He doesn’t like people laughing at him .
 He doesn’t like being laughed at 
Form : S* + V + O + Ving + O* 
 S* + V + being + V(pp) + 
* Passive voice with to – infi / gerund + object 
Some verbs: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand, etc. 
Ex: He decided to sell the house.
→ He decided that the house should be sold.
Form : Subject + verb + to-inf/ V-ing + object
 => Subject + verb + that + subject + should be + pp
* Passive voice with fake subject 
Eg: It’s very difficult to study English.     
 => It’s very difficult for English to be studied
Form : It + be + adj + to-V + O ..              
–> It + be + adj + for O + to be + P.P2 .
* Passive voice with some adjectives : possible/ important / essential/ necessary
Eg1: It’s possible to grow roses in this land -> Roses can be grown in this land
Form : It is + possible + to V + O (có thể/không thể làm gì) necessary
 Impossible
 -> S + can / can’t + be + V(pp) 
Eg2: It’s important to save water ->Water must be saved
Form : It’s + important + to + V + O (cần thiết/quan trọng phải làm gì)
 Essential
 -> S + must + be + V(pp) 
Eg 3: It’s necessary to protect the environment 
->The environment should be protected
 Form : It’s + necessary + to + V + O(cần thiết/không cần thiết phải làm gì)
 unnecessary
 -> S + should / shouldn’t be + V (pp) 
* Passive voice with it’s +possessive adjective+ duty 
Eg: It’s your duty to clean the floor
 -> You are supposed to clean the floor
Form : It’s + possessive adjective + duty to + V + O (trách nhiệm của ai phải làm gì) 
 -> S + (be) + supposed + to + V + O (ai đó buộc phải làm gì)
3. Guide students to practice doing exercises
I guide students to apply the knowledge which they have learned to do exercises in order to help them understand the theory more clearly and know how to use them more accurately 
Ex1 : Change into passive form 
1. He often prepares the meal. 
2. She writes a letter to me.
3.He is listening to music now 
4.He is reading a novel in his room.
5.Did Nam paint his house green ? 
6.Everybody cooked dinner in the kitchen 
7.Lien opened the door of the classroom.
8.They were carrying the injured player off the field.
9.Mrs. White was drawing diagrams on the blackboard.
 10.They weren't playing cards at that time
Key
1. The meal is often prepared by him.
2. A letter is written to me by her 
3. Music is being listened to by him now 
4. A novel is being read in his room 
5.Was Nam’s house painted green ? 
6.Dinner was cooked in the kitchen.
7.The door of the classroom was opened by Kien 
8.The injured player was being carried off the field 
9.Diagrams were being drawn on the blackboard by Mrs White.
10.Cards weren’t being played at that time .
Ex2 : Change into passive form 
1.John hasn't finished his homework.
2.He hasn't seen you for years.
3.Nobody has used this room for ages.
4.He has caught a lion recently
5. She will visit her mother this weekend. 
6. The secretary must send this packet tomorrow.
7. He should clean up his apartment. 
8.I have to improve my English. 
9.You must learn your lessons tonight. 
10. We are going to organize a party tonight. 
Key
 1. His homework hasn’t been finished by John 
 2. You haven’t been seen for years.
 3. This room hasn’t been used for ages .
 4. A lion has been caught by him recently
 5. Her mother will be visited by her this weekend.
 6. This packet must be sent by the secretary tomorrow 
 7. His apartment should be cleaned up by him 
 8. My English has to be improved by me 
 9. Your lesson must be learned to the library by you today 
 10.A party is going to be organized tonight 
Ex3 : Change into passive form
1. They sent me the message 
2. He bought her a car yestday 
3. I have given her a book recently 
4.He will show me a new house tomorrow 
5. Nam needs to do his homework
6. Open your book !
7. Take off your hat.
8. Don’t do that silly thing again.
9. Let tell them about it .
10. Don’t let the other see you 
Key 
1.The message was sent to me 
2. A car was bought for her by him yesterday
3. A book has been given to her by me recently 
4. A new house will be shown to me by him tomorrow 
5. Nam’s homework needs tobe done / needing 
6.Let your book be opened 
7. Let your hat be taken off.
8. Don’t let that silly thing be done again 
9. Let them be told about it 
10. Don’t let yourself be seen by the other 
Ex4 : Change into passive 
1.She reported that the flowers were killed by frost.
2.That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
3.He discovered that  this cotton was grown in Egypt.
4.They promise that the performance will start on time.
5.He recommends that we should stay at the city center.
6.It’s necessary to keep your feet warm
7.It’s your duty to obey the rule
8.Someone suggested making the examination easier
9.He recommended inviting only relatives
10. He decided to sell the house 
Key 
1.It was reported that the flowers were killed by frost.
 The flowers were reported to be killed by frost.
2.It was announced that the meeting was delayed until next week
The meeting was announced to have been delayed until next week. 
3.It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
This cotton was discovered to be grown.
4.It is promised that the performance will start on time./ The performce is promised to start on time. 
5.It is recommended that we should stay at the city center.
6.It’s necessary to keep your feet warm
7.It’s your duty to obey the rule
8.Someone suggested