Warm – up activities for reading in grade 11 textbook

 I. INTRODUCTION
 In the trend of globalization today, the importance of English cannot be denied and ignored because it is widely used everywhere in the world. Along with the development of technology, medicine, engineering and education, English plays a very important role. It has been used for the Final Examinations to evaluate students’ level of knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to have teaching and learning English methods and techniques. It will not be successful class if the students do not feel interested at the beginning of the class. Most teachers see the important of warm- up activities in learning the new lesson, especially in learning reading lesson. Reading is the beginning of a common theme of a unit which consists of 5 lessons. Warm – up activity helps and encourages many learners to sustain their interest and work.Warm- up activity also helps the teacher to create contexts in which the language is useful and meaningful. There are many ways to make good warm- up activities at high school. This is a reason why I choose “Warm – up activities for reading in grade 11 textbook”. According to this research, I myself will get experiences to improve skills and teaching methods.
II. CONTENTS
1. Warm – up activities
1.1. Definition of warm- up activities 
 “ Warm – up activities are different types of activities which help the students begin to think in English , review previously introduced materials and become interested in the lesson.” ( as cited in Velandia, 2008, p.11)
 1.2. The value of warm – up activities 
 Most teachers see the important of warm –up activities in leading the new lesson and take students interested in learning English. In fact, it is important to begin the new lesson by warm –up activities because those activities help teachers lead to the new lesson and review the old lesson easier snd easier. Beside, those activities help students feel comfortable snd relaxed when they start learning English, hard subject.
 Through warm – up activities, learners practice and internalize vocabulary, grammar and structures. Warm – up helps learners put aside their daily distractions and focus on English. If they haven’t used English all day, they may take a little while to shift into it. Warm- ups also encourage whole- group participation which can build a sense of community within the group. ( O’Morrow , The Whys of recreation Activities for Psychiatric Patients, Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 3rd quarter, 1971)
1.3. Principles of warm – up activities
 Velandia ( 2008) proposes some principles to design a warm- up activity. He suggests that a warm-up activity should take place at the beginning of the class. It will help the teachers catch the students’ attention. It has to be interesting so that students get motivated from the very beginning. It is usually a short activity as it a preparatory stage of other stages students can get involved in different activities easily to develop their language skill. Following is the displays some of the principles of warm – up activity from Velandia
.
Be short
Focus students’ attention
Be useful to continue the class
Principle of warm – up activity
Go at the beginning
Be an interesting and enenjoyable activity
Help students begin the work
Prepare students for a period of concentration
Be an interesting and enjoyable activity
 Diagram: features of warm- up activity
( http:// writing .colostate. edu/ guides / teaching/ esl/ warmups.cfm )
1.4. Method of warm-up activity
 As for the lead in the new lesson, in addition to the teacher's proliferation of methods, such as asking students to look at the pictures (asking, answering, etc. The students will be more interested in themselves when they exploit the content that they will learn about. Teachers are also very gentle when introducing new lessons and certainly more or less effective lessons. The warm-up design part is based on the following tips: 
+ Game: Games help children create psychological comfort, gentle when entering the game.
 The game design must not exceed the allowed time (4-5 minutes) should request fast, neat, unexpected
+ Brainstorming: Give students a keyword, asking students to work out as many relevant words as possible within a certain time limit. The group with the right words wins the prize. This activity helps them to consolidate their vocabulary.
+ Discussion: Teachers give discussion, students think in group and then choose individual to present oral presentation to the whole class. From there, the teacher takes an introduction to the content of the new lesson.
+ Ask and answer: Ask some questions about a particular subject through specific pictures or objects, asking the students to give their personal opinion. The questions are simple, easy to understand to avoid the psychology "see fear of false". Encourage students to raise questions regarding the topic raise
+ Matching: Require students to match up two or three items, usually vocabulary words with their correct definition and/or with an illustration. A variation may also be used to match concepts with a matching diagram/definition or a topic sentence with supporting detail, etc.
Give a copy to each student to match up. The students then discuss their choices with a partner. The teacher listens in on the discussions and follows up with a whole class discussion focusing on areas of uncertainty.
 ( Andrew Wright, Dvid Betteridge and Michael Buckby, 1984. Games for language Learning.Cambridge University Press )
2. Demonstrations
 Here are some warm – up activities organized in the introductory section to new lessons for reading – English 11. 
Unit 1: FRIENDSHIP A. Reading 
-The teaching technique : Game: "Picture talk"
- Type : group work
- Materials : Pictures 
- Time : 4 mins
- Procedure:
 + Put the students in two groups, close the book.
 + Have the students observe 6 pictures on the board, ask the students to find the names of objects and animals in the picture. Then take the first letter in these names in order from picture 1 to picture 6 of the word meaning. 
 The team that finds the word fast and accurate will be the winning team.
* Key: FRIEND
- Use the following questions to get into the lesson:
1. Do you have a lot of friends?
2. How many close friends do you have?
UNIT 2: THE PERSONAL EXPERIENCES A: Reading
- Teaching Techniques : Matching
- Type : group work 
- Material: Pictures 
- Time : 5 mins
- Procedure: 
+ Ask the students to work in group of four and match the suitable word with every picture.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A. Excited 	 B. frightened	 C. Happy	
D. Embarrassed	E. Disappointed	F. Angry	G. surprised
Suggestion: 1 - A. Excited
 2 - F. Angry
 3 - E. Disappointed
 4. - D. Embarrassed
 5 - B. Frightened
 6 - C. Happy
 7 - G. Surprised
Lead in: “I think that we have almost personal experiences in our life .The personal experiences are the things that have happened to you and influenced the way you think and behave”
UNIT 3 : THE PARTY A: Reading 
-Teaching Techniques: A matching game
-Type : Group work
- Material : Handouts 
- Time : 5 mins
- Procedure : + Divide the class into small groups of 3-4 Ss. Then distribute the following handouts for Ss to do the matching task in their own groups. Which group finished it first and has all the correct answers will be the winner.
+ Get Ss to tell if there are similar celebrations and events in Vietnamese culture to check Ss’ understanding of the new words.
+ Give some details about these celebrations.
Matching the celebrations with the correct imagines below:
Christmas Easter Graduation Halloween Thanksgiving
Mother’s day Wedding Valentine’s day Birthday
Celebrations
Imagines
Christmas
E
Halloween
A
Wedding
D
Easter
C
Thanksgiving
I
Valentine’s day
H
Graduation
F 
Mother’s day
G
Birthday
B
=>Lead in the new lesson
UNIT 4 : THE VOLUNTEER WORK A: Reading 
-Teaching Techniques:
 Observing pictures - Asking and Answering”
-Type : Class work
- Material: Pictures
- Time : 5 mins
- Procedure: + Ask students look at the pictures and answer the questions:
 What are they doing?
Expected answer: 
The first picture : She is feeding the old woman.
The second picture: They are building the house.
The third picture: She is teaching the children to read and write.
The fourth picture: They are repairing the country road.
+ Use the following question to get into the lesson
 Which activity do they take part in ? VOLUNTEER WORK
UNIT 6: THE COMPITITIONS A: reading (page 66, 67, 68 English 11)
- Teaching Technique: “Watching”
-Type: Group work
- Material: board , chalk
- Time : 5 mins
- Procedure :
+ Write the key word on the board
+ Ask students to think of the related words and say in English.
COMPETITIONS
Suggestion:
 1.Sao Mai Television Singing Contest
 2. Magic hat
 3.Quiz: “Road to Mount Olympia”
 4.Who wants to be the millionaire?
 5. Arena 100 or 1 vs. 100
 6.Ring the golden bell
=>Lead in the new lesson
Unit 7 : WORLD POPULATION A : Reading 
-Teaching Techniques : Competition game – Crossword puzzle
- Type: Group work
- Material : Handout
- Time: 5 mins
- Procedure:
+ Divide the class into small groups of 3-4 Ss. Then T distributes the following crossword puzzle handouts for Ss to do in their own groups. Which group finishes first and has all the correct answers will be the winner.
Crossword
an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk, play and relax.
the noun of ‘poor’
attractive without being very beautiful
without a job although able to work
a group of Ss who are taught together
(of man) attractive
feeling that you’d like to sleep or rest
not knowing how to read or write
not young
the synonym of ‘country’
Can you find out the key word hidden in the crossword ?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Answer:
P
A
R
K
P
O
V
E
R
T
Y
P
R
E
T
T
Y
U
N
E
M
P
L
O
Y
E
D
C
L
A
S
S
H
A
N
D
S
O
M
E
T
I
R
E
D
I
L
L
I
T
E
R
A
T
E
O
L
D
N
A
T
I
O
N
+ Introduce the topic of the lesson by asking question:
What is the number of the world population nowadays ?
Do you think it is large or small?
UNIT 8 : CELEBRATIONS A : Reading 
-Teaching Technique: Matching 
- Type : Class work
- Material: Pictures 
- Time: 5 mins
- Procedure:
+ Ask students match names of the celebrations with the pictures 
Mid – autumn festival B. Teacher’s Day C. Valentine’s Day
D. Tet holiday E. Chrismas Day F. Thanksgiving
G. Birthday
+ Let students to listen to the song and asks some questions:
a. What is the title of the song?
b. When do people often sing it?
c. What is it about?
Suggested answer :
a. Happy New Year
b. to welcome the New Year/it is often sung on the last days of the old year and the at the beginning of the New year
c. Feeling about the old year and the New Year
=>Lead in the new lesson
Unit 9 : THE POST OFFICE A : Reading 
- Teaching Technique: "Asking and Answering" 
- Type : Class work
- Material : Letter , picture
- Time : 5 mins 
- Procedure: 
+ Hold a letter up and ask questions: What is this? (A letter) 
1) Where can you post a letter? (At the post office) 
2) How far is it from the house to the nearest post office? (... .kilometers) 
4) How often do you go to the post office? What for? (Once / Twice a week - To make a phone call ...............)
 5) What services do you think the post office offer? (..mail, phone call ..)
UNIT 10 : NATURE IN DANGER A : Reading 
- Teaching Technique : Game Activity – Brainstorming
- Type : Group work
- Material : Pictures
- Time: 5 mins
- Procedure: 
+ Divide the class into 2 groups (folded books).
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
Picture 4
Picture 5
 Picture 6 
+ Have students observe some pictures of wildlife in 30 seconds. Then take it. Ask the students to name the animals on the board.
 The team that scores more words will be the winning team.
 Wild Animals
*Answer Key: 1. bear	3 .elephant	5 .tiger
 2 .lion	4 .monkey	6 .cheetah
 + Use the following questions to get into the lesson:
-Where do these wild animals live ?
- Have the numbers of these wild animals become larger ?
- Why have the numbers of these wild animals become smaller ?
UNIT 11 : SOURCES OF ENERGY A: Reading 
-Teaching Technique : Listing game
-Type : Group work
- Material : board
- Time : 5 mins
- Procedure : 
+ Divide class into 4 groups.
+ Show some icons of some home appliances and introduces that they all need electricity to operate.
+ Ask Ss to work in 4 groups and list home appliances that use electricity as much as possible in 3 minutes, and then Ss stick the group boards on the black board.
 Which group has the most things gets the highest marks.
+ Check understanding the rule
+ Give each group 1 group board.
+ After 3 minutes, call 4 Ss to check amount of words and spelling on 4 group boards.
+ Announces the result. 
+ Lead-in “Home appliances need to electricity to operate”.
+ Ask “Where does electricity come from?” and elicit some answers giving clues “Đa Nhim, Trị An, Đa mi,”; “It’s in the morning sky”
+ Remind Ss to remember The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster on 11 March 2011,
+ Introduces the lesson
UNIT 12 : THE ASIAN GAMES A: Reading 
-Teaching Technique : “ Asking and Answering ”
- Type: Class work
- Material : Paintings
- Time: 5 mins
- Procedure: 
 + Have students observe two paintings of two famous athletes in Vietnam: Ly Duc and Pham Van 
Mach .
 + Ask the following questions:
 1, Who are they?
2, What do they do ?
3, What do they have in common ?
4, Who else has won gold medal in the Asian Game ?
5, Which sports do you think are the strongest of Vietnam ?
=>Lead in the new lesson
UNIT 13 : HOBBIES A : Reading 
- Teaching Technique: 
 Watching
-Type : Group work 
- Material : Board
 HOBBY
Things you do in your free time
- Time : 5 mins Reading playing chess
 Playing guitar
 	 Going shopping
 Fishing 	 Collecting stamps 
-Procedure:
+ Write the key word on the board
+ Ask students to think of the related words and say in English
+ Ss work in groups and give the answers on the bb ( 2 groups)
+ Check and give the ideas
 Which group write more and correct that group will win
+ Give some expression to lead to New Lesson
-T: How can you keep your hobbies and why do you have that hobby ?Come to Unit 13 : HOBBIES
UNIT 15 : SPACE CONQUETS A: Reading 
 -Teaching Technique: 
 Guess name of the people in the pictures and answer some questions.
- Type: Class work
- Material : Pictures
- Time: 5 mins
- Procedure: 
+Ask the students look at the picture and guess the name of the poeple
Yuri Gagarin
Neil Armstrong
Buzz Aldrin
P. Tuan Tuan
+ Ask the students to answer the following questions :
Who was the first human to fly into space?
Who were the first humans to set foot on the moon?
Who was the first Vietnamese to fly into space?
Suggested answer: 
Yuri Gagarin was the first human to fly into space.
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first humans to set foot on the moon.
3.Pham Tuan was the first Vietnamese to fly into space.
=> Lead the new lesson
UNIT 16 : THE WONDER OF THE WORLD A: Reading 
-Teaching Technique: 
Guess name of the wonders of the world.
-Type: Class work
- Material: Pictures
- Time: 5 mins
- Procedure:+ Let the students look at the pictures and guess the name of the wonders .
 1 2 
 3 4
 5 6
 8 7
Suggested answer:
 1. The Taj Mahal 
 2.The great wall
 3.The tower bridg
 4. The Roman colosseum
 5 .The Pisa tower
 6. Ha Long Bay
 7. great pyramid of Giza
 8.Sydney opera house
+ Lead the new lesson
3. Applicability 
 I spent two years in the process of teaching; students are more excited, engrossed in the content of each reading comprehension, the vocabulary of students increased significantly.
 With this type of activity, we can apply to all students. Depending on the content of the lesson is simple or complex, we ask them to work in groups, pairs or individuals. Depending on the student object, we have different suggestions and requirements are also different. Activities in this research project have the primary benefit of introducing students to the topic of the lesson, creating attraction,
stimulating learners to focus, explore and explore. The design of these warm-up activities also helps students develop thinking, improve the psychological difficulty in facing reading comprehension.
 By entering the content of the unit, students are encouraged to explore and enrich their knowledge with related reading assignments.
 Through the time of application of new solutions, the quality of subjects has been improved, reflected in the results of the semester 2017 – 2018. At the same time, these procedures can be applied to any classroom, teachers can apply in other lessons, there is a change in accordance with the content of the lesson.
 CONCLUSION
 In short, inspiring learners is one of the most important elements of effective learning, especially learning a foreign language. Each teacher has many ways to stimulate learners to focus on improving the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning.
 I hope that “ Warm – up activities for reading in grade 11 texbook ’’ can help the students and the other teachers in their teaching and learning English process.
 Because I can not avoid some mistakes in my writing, your opinions will be useful for me to perfect it.
	 I would like to thank.
The confirmation of the principle
 Thanh Hoa, May , 25th 2018
 I promise not to have copied 
 Signature
 REFERENCES
1.Success in English teaching – Oxford – Ocup – David, P.eric Pearse ( 2000)
2. Teaching E ( Adrian Roff- Cambridge University Press in association with the Britist Council )
3.Teaching methodolpgy, Prentice Hall International- Nunan, D. (1992).
4.http: // Writing.colostate.edu/ guides/teaching/esl/warmups.cfm.
5. Five minutes activities, Cambridge University- Urpenny, Wright Andrew ( 2002) 
6. Webside: google. com