SKKN Improving students’ ability to describe charts in tieng anh 11 through question systems combined with games

SỞ GIÁO DỤC & ĐÀO TẠO THANH HOÁ
 TRƯỜNG THPT LƯƠNG ĐẮC BẰNG
SÁNG KIẾN KINH NGHIỆM
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO DESCRIBE CHARTS
IN TIENG ANH 11 THROUGH QUESTION SYSTEMS
COMBINED WITH GAMES
 Người thực hiện: Hồ Thị Minh Thái
 	 Chức vụ: Tổ trưởng chuyên môn Tiếng Anh 
 Đơn vị công tác: Trường THPT Lương Đắc Bằng
	SKKN thuộc môn: Tiếng Anh
 THANH HÓA NĂM 2017
BOOK MAP
Content
Page
1. INTRODUCTION
	1.1. Reasons for choosing the topic.
 	1.2. Aims of the research.
	1.3. Subjects of the research.
1.4. Methods for implementation.
2. MAIN CONTENT
	2.1. Theoretical background
	2.2. Practical background
	2.3. Solutions and methods for implementation
	2.4. Result after applying the research.
3. CONCLUSION
3
3
4
4
4
6
8
13
15
CONTRACTED WORDS
etc
et cetera
ICT
Information and Communication Technologies
IEPs
Individualized Education Programs
inc
incorporated
LSAs
Low Specific Activities
mins
Minutes
Ss
Students
T
Teacher
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Reasons for choosing the topic.
Nowadays, in the integration period and with the globalization trend, foreign languages, especially English, play a very important role in society. English becomes an international language. It is used in many fields such as business, trade, communications, tourism and diplomatic activities, etc... . More than fifty countries in the world use English as their official language and it is used as the second language in nearly eighty nations. Therefore, English is an ology which is never saturated due to its newness and popularity in all fields. Our Party and government showed their particular interest in teaching and learning foreign languages.English is considered as a main subject at upper secondary school.
Teaching English with the communicative approach is our aim. How to improve all skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) completely for our students is our duty. All skills are important and it is necessary for us to develop them. Curriculum and textbooks are issued with a view to carrying out this aim successfully. However, writing skill seems to be one of the most difficult skills for students. Most writing tasks, for example describing charts, are not interesting enough to attract them. They do not even know how to deal with these tasks. Their writings are only simple descriptions without comparisons. “What can I do to help my students?” “In what way do my students describe them well?” “What should I do to make these writing tasks easier and more attractive?” The best way I did to assist them is that I used the eliciting questions combined with games to guide them. 
I would like to share my teaching experience “Improving students’ ability to describe charts in Tieng Anh 11 through question systems combined with games” in the hope that my colleagues can apply in teaching and we can discuss more to get the best result in teaching how to describe charts.
1.2. Aims of the research
- Helping students alleviate difficulties while practicing graph descriptions in English 11.
- Presenting a new method to develop the writing performance of students at high schools.
- To introduce how to apply the question systems combined with games in teaching describing charts in English 11 at high school.
- To introduce the advantages of the application of question systems combined with games in teaching describing charts. 
- To explore the effectiveness of the method of teaching students to represent the graph with the question systems combined with games in describing the graphs of Tieng Anh 11.
- Presenting new techniques for English teachers in teaching grammatical structures in writing.
- To make easier for students to produce acceptable structures in their writing tasks. Therefore, this method seems to serve as an influential tool for both the learning and teaching of writing (for both students and teachers).
1.3. Subjects of the research.
Describing charts is one of the most difficult writing tasks for high school students. Students often do not have enough vocabularies, structures, and do not even know how to describe a chart. In this research, I want to offer a useful method for high school students to write a pasage describing the chart. By this method, students will feel more comfortable and interested in learning to write. That research is “Improving students’ ability to describe charts in Tieng Anh 11 through question systems combined with games”.
1.4. Methods for implementation.
* Scope: Researching in the process of teaching English at Luong Dac Bang High school.
* Research methodology: making survey, reading reference books, researching information in Internet, applying in teaching, observing and drawing out experiences.
2.MAIN CONTENT
2.1. Theoretical background
a.Charts
A chart is a graphical representation of data, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart". A chart can represent tabular numeric data, functions or some kinds of qualitative structure and provides different info.
The term "chart" as a graphical representation of data has multiple meanings:
* A data chart is a type of diagram or graph that organizes and represents a set of numerical or qualitative data.
* Maps that are adorned with extra information for some specific purpose are often known as charts, such as a nautical chart or aeronautical chart.
* Other domain specific constructs are sometimes called charts, such as the chord chart in music notation or a record chart for album popularity.
Charts are often used to ease understanding of large quantities of data and the relationships between parts of the data. Charts can usually be read more quickly than the raw data that they are produced from. They are used in a wide variety of fields, and can be created by hand (often on graph paper) or by computer using a charting application. Certain types of charts are more useful for presenting a given data set than others. For example, data that presents percentages in different groups (such as "satisfied, not satisfied, unsure ") are often displayed in a pie chart, but may be more easily understood when presented in a horizontal bar chart. On the other hand, data that represents numbers that change over a period of time (such as "annual revenue from 1990 to 2000") might be best shown as a line chart.
b. Describing a chart
In textbooks at upper secondary school, there are bar charts and pie charts so I only mention two these types. These types of charts are usually used for comparison purposes (unlike line charts, which describe changes).
When you write about a bar chart it is important to look first at the Chart Title. This tells you what information the chart displays and you can use this information in your description.
Then look at the X and Y axes. The titles of these axes sometimes give you information you can use in your description. It is important also to look at the UNITS. 
Bar charts show similarities and differences. When describing these charts you need to make comparisons. You also need to group together any columns which have broad similarities.
To write a short description of the chart, ask yourself (and answer!) the following questions:
1. What exactly does the chart show? (Use the chart title to help you answer this question)
2. What are the axes and what are the units?
3. What similarities are there?
4. Is it possible to put some of the columns into one or more groups?
5. What differences are there?
Answering these questions will help you to write a short description of this simple bar chart.
Pie charts normally show proportion, which can be measured in percentages or fractions. This type of charts shows the relative size of something. So we can only make comparisons; we cannot say anything about change.
2.2. Practical background
In the writing tasks in Tieng Anh 10 and Tieng Anh 12 textbooks there are eliciting questions so students can have some ideas for their writings to make comparisons but in the tasks in Tieng Anh 11 there is not any eliciting questions for them to write except for the chart, useful language and the requirements. Students find it difficult to write.
In writing section of Unit 7 – World population (Tieng Anh 11-Page 86), a pie chart is given with the requirement “Study the chart carefully then write a paragraph of 100-120 words, describing the information in the chart”. 
South Asia
32%
East Asia
26%
Europe
15%
Africa
11%
Latin
 America
 8%
Northern
 America
 6%
Oceania
2%
Students have to do the task with the following suggestions of useful language:
It can be seen that
distributed unevenly
account for per cent
more than double the population of
half as much as/ nearly half of
rank first/ last
And the beginning “The chart shows the distribution of world population by region. ”
With all these cues, the student wrote:
writing
Errors
The chart shows the distribution of world population by region. It can be seen that population distributed unevenly. South Asia account for 32 percent and more than double the population of Europe. Latin America more than double the population of Europe. Northern America nearly double the population of Africa. Oceania account for 2 percent. Rank first South Asia, second East Asia and seventh Oceania.
→ lack “the world” and verb 
→ form of the verb
 → lack the verb and wrong 
 information
→ form of the verb
→ spoken language
In Unit 11 – Sources of energy (Tieng Anh 11-Page 130), a bar chart is given for students to write the description of it.
In Task 2, they are required to write the same writing as Task 1. However, they gave some mistakes in their writings.
Writing
Errors
The chart shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2005. As can be seen, the total energy consumption was 170 million ton. Petroleum made up the largest amount of this figure (50 million tons). This was followed by the consumption of smallest (45 million tons). Nuclear and hydroelectricity made up the biggest amount of energy consumption (75 million tons)
→ spelling mistake
→ wrong information
→ wrong answer
→ wrong word
Writing
Errors
The chart shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2005. As can be seen, the total energy consumption was 170 million tons. Petroleum made up the largest amount of this figure (75 million tons). This was followed by the consumption of nuclear and hydroelectricity (50 million tons). Coal made up the smallest amount of energy consumption (45 million tons)
→ wrong information
→ wrong information
And many students did like these.
After doing Task 1 and Task 2 with the requirements in textbook, students did Task 3 by combining two these tasks in turn.
2.3. Solutions and methods for implementation
In order to improve writing skill in describing charts for students, I carried out a few techniques at classes 11A5 and 11 A10 in this school-year (2016-2017), I gave out posters and handouts with the eliciting questions for these writing tasks. In order to make them more interesting and help students concentrate to the lessons, I used these eliciting questions in games such as “lucky number” or “typhoon”.
Lucky number
Divide the class into two teams.
Representatives of each team choose the numbers in turn.
If they get a “lucky number”, they will have 2 points without any questions.
If they have a correct answer, they will get 2 points.
If they don’t answer the question, the chance will be for the other team.
Typhoon
Divide the class into two teams.
Representatives of each team choose the numbers in turn.
They will get 5 points with a correct answer.
If they get a “star”, they will get 5 points without a question.
If they get a “plus” the point given will be added for them when they have a correct answer.
If they get a “minus”, they will lose the point which the number gave.
Unluckily, they will lose all the point they got when they get the word “typhoon”
Demonstration 1
 Unit 7: World population (Page 86)
- Aim: help students have comparisons among the regions about the distribution of world population.
- Time: 15 minutes
- Preparation:	+ a poster and handouts with eliciting questions
	+ a poster presenting game “Typhoon”
-Procedure:
Stage
Procedure
Interaction
Pre-writing
Activity 1: Discussion (5’)
Deliver handouts. (Appendix 1)
Eliciting questions (Tieng Anh 11 – Unit 7 – Page 86)
1. How great is the percentage in total?
2.Which region contributes the largest in world population? What is the proportion of it?
3. Which region makes up the smallest in world population? What is the percentage?
4.Which region ranks second? What percentage is it?
5.How is Northern America in comparison with Oceania?
6.Which region has nearly double the population of Northern America?
7.Which region has the contribution to the world population more than that of Africa?
8.Which region makes up nearly half of Europe?
- Discuss to find out the information which the questions ask. (Appendix 2)
Suggested answers:
1. 100%
2. South Asia contributes the largest in world population. It accounts for 32%.
3. Oceania makes up the smallest in world population with 2%.
4. East Asia ranks second, accounting for 26 %
5. Northern America has three times of the population of Oceania
6. Africa has nearly double the population of Northern America
7. Europe has the contribution to the world population more than that of Africa
8. Latin America makes up nearly half of Europe
Activity 2:Game “Typhoon” (10’)
- Hang the poster with eliciting questions out. (Appendix 1)
- Stick the poster presenting game “Typhoon” on the board.
- Divide the class into 2 teams.
- Ask Ss to play the game.
- Feedback
T
Pairs
T
Teams
T-Ss
Demonstration 2
Unit 11: Energy sources (page 130)
- Aim: help students have comparisons about the energy consumption between two certain points of time.
- Time: 15 minutes
- Preparation:	+ a poster and handouts with eliciting questions
	+ a poster presenting game “Lucky number”
-Procedure:
Stage
Procedure
Interaction
Pre-writing
Activity 1: Asking and answering (3’)
- Ask Ss some questions to recognize the chart. (Appendix 3)
1. What exactly does this chart show?
2. How many colors are there?
3.What color stands for coal, nuclear and hydroelectricity and petroleum in turn?
4. How many points of time are given? What are they?
- Observe the chart and give the ideas.
Expected answers:
1. It shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2000 and 2005.
2.Three
3.Green stands for coal, red for nuclear and hydroelectricity and purple for petroleum.
4.Two. They are 2000 and 2005.
Activity 1: Discussion (4’)
- Deliver handouts. (Appendix 4)
1.How was the trend in energy consumption between 2000 and 2005?
2.Which energy made up the largest amount of energy consumption in 2000? How was it in 2005?
3.Which energy had the smallest amount of this figure in 2000? Did it increase or decrease in 2005? How did it increase/decrease?
4.What about coal? Did it rise/fall dramatically or slightly?
5.What does this trend in energy consumption mean?
- Discuss to find out the information which the questions ask. (Appendix 5)
Suggested answer:
1.The total energy consumption of 2005 (170 million tons) was higher than that of 2000 (117 million tons).
2.In 2000, petroleum made up the largest amount of energy consumption (57 million tons) while in 2005 it decreased slightly of 7 million tons.
3.Nuclear and hydroelectricity had the smallest amount of this figure in 2000. It increased quickly from 20 million tons (in 2000) to 75 million tons (in 2005), which was the highest amount.
4.Coal had a slow rise from 40 million ton to 45 million tons.
5.People in Highland had the trend of using unpolluted sources of energy.
Activity 2:Game “Lucky number” (8’)
- Hang the poster with eliciting questions out. (Appendix 4)
- Stick the poster presenting game “Lucky number” on the board.
- Divide the class into 2 teams.
- Ask Ss to play the game.
- Feedback
T-Ss
T
Ss
T
Pairs
T
Teams
T-Ss
2.4. Results after applying the research
a. Effect
After practicing these changes in my lectures, my students have made some progress in their writings. Their writings not only contained fewer mistakes but also showed a clear comparison. They know how to describe a chart and are confident to write as well.
Unit 7 – World population (Tieng Anh 11-Page 86)
In this writing lesson, the student wrote:
writing
Comment
The chart shows the distribution of world population by region. It can be seen that world population distributed unevenly. South Asia ranks first and accounts for thirty two percent in population. And South Asia is more than double the population of Europe which accounts for fifteen percent. Latin America accounts for eight percent in world population and it is nearly half of Europe’s population. East Asia is over twice as much as Africa with twenty six percent in world population. Oceania ranks last with two percent in population and it account for one-third of Northern America’s population.
A good comparison
Unit 11 – Sources of energy (Tieng Anh 11-Page 130)
The student described the chart in this writing section like this.
writing
Comment
The chart shows the energy consumption in Highland in 2000 and 2005. As you can see from the chart, the total energy consumption of 2005 (170 million tons) was higher than that of 2000 (117 million tons). In 2000, petroleum made up the largest amount of this figure (57 million tons) while in 2005 it decreased slightly of 7 million tons. Besides, nuclear and hydroelectricity increased quickly from 20 million tons (in 2000) to 75 million tons (in 2005), which was the highest amount. In addition, coal had a slow rise from 40 million ton to 45 million tons.
To sum up, people in Highland had the trend of using unpolluted sources of energy.
Use vocabulary perfectly
Compare well
b. Comments from teachers and students
I made a survey to know what students find about writing lessons by the questionnaire (Appendix 6) and had some replied information as below.
Most students know that writing lessons help them not only practise writing skill but also develop all skills fully. They also started that writing is very important but it is sometimes difficult. As a result, although they prepared the lesson before the class, they still had difficulties when doing the task. Therefore, they did not participate in writing lessons actively.
When I carried out the survey with class 11A5 – a rather good at English class with 45 students, 32 students believe that the writing lessons are very important - containing 71.1%, 11 students think they are not very important - containing 24.5% and no one finds they are not important at all. While only 2 students in this class never prepare the lesson before class – containing 4.4%, most of them always or sometimes do this work – containing 95,6%. However, a similar number of the students (93,1% with 45 students) find it difficult to describe a chart. Through the questionnaire, students also said that there are 2 main reasons that make them difficult to describe a chart. They are “lack of vocabulary and you don’t know how to write”. 100% (45 students) in this class lack vocabulary when describing a chart, With the reason “You don’t know how to write”, 5 students always (11.1%), 32 students sometimes (71.1 %) and 8 students never (17.8%). 
These students stated that the way of using eliciting questions combined with games was carried out in the writing lessons such as Unit 7 – World population (Tieng Anh 11-Page 86) and Unit 11 – Sources of energy (Tieng Anh 11-Page 130), they find it easier and more exciting when writing. 41 students (91.1%) agreed that using eliciting questions combined with games not only makes writing lessons more interesting but also help them understand the information given from the chart a