Method of teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son 2 high school

Table of content
 Page
1. Introduction............................ 1
Rationale1
Research scope. 2
Aim of the study....2
Methods of the study.2
2. Literature review.... 2
2.1. An overviewon Language Teaching Methods..2
2.2. The theory of relative clauses......3
3. The application of process approach 
in teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son 2 high school ....13
3.1. The purpose.13
3.2. The participants ..13
3.3. Time and the process of this application.14
4. Conclusion.........................................................................................15
References
 1. Introduction
 1.1 Rationale for the study	
English may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries. It is estimated that the number of people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 billion! 
English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessily for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce, research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English. Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated, learning English really can change your life .
In the National curriculum, English is one of the core subjects, which are complusory in the high school final examination. Therefore, students have to study all the English skills for their tests. However, there still exist many difficulties facing teachers in teaching English to students, especially those from ethnic minorities.
Quan Son is one of the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa province. The living condition and studying condition are poor and restrict. Most of the students of Quan Son 2 high school are ethnic minorities such as Thai, Muong, Mong. Ethnic minority students mainly use their mother tongue to communicate inside their families and small communities. As a result, ethnic minority students fail to make progress in learning English. Especially, they have many difficulties in learning English grammar. One of the most difficult grammar parts that students have to face is comparatives and superlatives.
For these reasons, I would like to choose the topic “method of teaching relative clauses to the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son 2 high school” in the hope of supplying upper-secondary students, especially the students of class 11A2 at Quan Son 2 high school with enough knowledge of relative clauses.
 1.2. Reseach scope
 The study focuces on applying process approach in teaching tag quetions to the students who are in grade 11 so that they can have enough knowledge to do exercises related with relative clauses.
 1.3. Aim of the study 
	The study is aimed to teach relative clauses for the grade -11- students.
 1.4. Methods of the study
	In order to achieve the above aim, the teacher supplies or teaches the necessary knowledge about process approach and an overview of relative clauses to the students. After that, students will have time to practise them and get feedback as well as correction from their friends and teacher.
 2. Literature review
2.1. An overview on Language Teaching Methods
 In the discussion of the history of Language Teaching Methods, it can be understandable that a teaching method which may be effective at one point of time in history may still be ineffective at the other point. This dynamic character of the language teaching goals make the history of foreign language teaching ever-changing, ever-adapting. Moreover, one method is replaced by another it does not mean that the former is worse than the latter and will be thrown into the wastebasket of history. It only means that the replaced method fails to correspond to a certain need at a certain time in history. As a result, the history of foreign language teaching method is not the history of replacement of one method by another. Rather, it would be the history of adapting one new method to the treasury of existing methods. A number of methods have been envolved for the teaching of English and also other foreign language in the past; howerver in Viet Nam three method which enjoy significant use and dominate the language teaching are the Grammar – Translation, the Audio – lingual method and the Communicative language teaching .
 2.2.Theory of relative clauses
 We use relative clauses to give additional information about something without starting another sentence. By combining sentences with a relative clause, your text becomes more fluent and you can avoid repeating certain words.
How to Form Relative Clauses
Imagine, a girl is talking to Tom. You want to know who she is and ask a friend whether he knows her. You could say:
A girl is talking to Tom. Do you know the girl?
That sounds rather complicated, doesn't it? It would be easier with a relative clause: you put both pieces of information into one sentence. Start with the most important thing  – you want to know who the girl is.
Do you know the girl 
As your friend cannot know which girl you are talking about, you need to put in the additional information  – the girl is talking to Tom. Use „the girl“ only in the first part of the sentence, in the second part replace it with the relative pronoun (for people, use the relative pronoun „who“). So the final sentence is:
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Relative Pronouns 
Relative
Pronoun
Use
Example
who
subject or object pronoun for people
I told you about the woman who lives next door.
which
subject or object pronoun for animals and things
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
which
referring to a whole sentence
He couldn’t read which surprised me.
whose
possession for people animals and things
Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
whom
object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)
I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
that
subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)
I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.
Subject Pronoun or Object Pronoun? 
Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which, that are used for subject and object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish them as follows:
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun. Subject pronouns must always be used.
the apple which is lying on the table
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses.
the apple (which) George lay on the table
Relative Adverbs 
A relative adverb can be used instead of a relative pronoun plus preposition. This often makes the sentence easier to understand.
This is the shop in which I bought my bike.
→ This is the shop where I bought my bike.
Relative
adverb
Meaning
Use
Example
when
in/on which
refers to a time expression
the day when we met him
where
in/at which
refers to a place
the place where we met him
why
for which
refers to a reason
the reason why we met him
Defining Relative Clauses 
Defining relative clauses (also called identifying relative clauses or restrictive relative clauses) give detailed information defining a general term or expression. Defining relative clauses are not put in commas.
Imagine, Tom is in a room with five girls. One girl is talking to Tom and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause defines which of the five girls you mean.
Do you know the girl who is talking to Tom?
Defining relative clauses are often used in definitions.
A seaman is someone who works on a ship.
Object pronouns in defining relative clauses can be dropped. (Sentences with a relative clause without the relative pronoun are called Contact Clauses.)
The boy (who/whom) we met yesterday is very nice.
Non-Defining Relative Clauses 
Non-defining relative clauses (also called non-identifying relative clauses or non-restrictive relative clauses) give additional information on something, but do not define it. Non-defining relative clauses are put in commas.
Imagine, Tom is in a room with only one girl. The two are talking to each other and you ask somebody whether he knows this girl. Here the relative clause is non-defining because in this situation it is obvious which girl you mean.
Do you know the girl, who is talking to Tom?
Note: In non-defining relative clauses, who/which may not be replaced with that.
Object pronouns in non-defining relative clauses must be used.
Jim, who/whom we met yesterday, is very nice.
How to Shorten Relative Clauses?  
Relative clauses with who, which, that as subject pronoun can be replaced with a participle. This makes the sentence shorter and easier to understand.
I told you about the woman who lives next door. – I told you about the woman living next door.
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof? – Do you see the cat lying on the roof?
REVISION EXERCISES
Exercise 1 : Choose the best answer among A, B , C or D.
1) Genghis Khan, _________ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages.
A. whom 	B. whose	C. who 	D. how
2) The children _____ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school.
A. whose 	B. where C. who 	D. whom
3) Galileo, _____ published works proving that the Earth revolves around the Sun, continued his scientific experiments even when he went deaf and blind.
A. when 	B. who 	C. where 	D. whose
4) The school programme _______ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a regular course study.
A. whose	B. who	C. what	D. that	
5) Credit ______ is given in this semester requires approximately three hours of classroom work.
A. which	B. what	C. when	D. where
6) Two courses ______ have the same subjects are in different times.
A. that	B. what	C. when	D. where
7) You may enroll our course by e-mail _______ can be faster than other registration forms.
A. who	B. where	C. which	D. when
8) The girl ______ dress you admire has been working for an expo company since she left school.
A. who	B. what	C. whose	D. whom
9) The young man ______ was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him.
A. who	B. who he	C. which	D. whose
10) Is that the same film ______ we watched last year?
A. when	B. which	C. why	D. who
11) The girl _____ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully.
A. whose	B. from whom	C. from whose	D. whom
12) The pupils _____ we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very well.
A. whose	B. with whom	C. whom	D. which
13) Bournemouth, _______ we are going to visit next summer, is a real paradise for the retired.
A. that	B. what	C. which	D. in which
14) Thatcher, ______ birthplace was above a shop in the small English town of Grantham, became Prime Minister of Britain four years after she had become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1975.
A. where	B. whose	C. in which	D. which
15) First jeans, ______ became fashionable for women after they saw them in Vogue magazine, were made by two Americans, Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss.
A. that	B. whose	C. of which	D. which
16) The first television picture _________ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy ______ worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London.
A. which / whom	B. who / which	
C. that / whose	D. that / who
17) Felix Hoffman, a 29-year-old chemist _______ worked for the German company Bayer, invented the drug Aspirin in April 1879.
A. where	B. whose	C. whom	D. who
18) Joyce Bews, ______ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, _______ she still lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which 	 B. who / where	
C. that / where	D. who / that
19) The big clock ________ used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.
A. whose	B. that is	C. what	D. which
20) The pollution ______ they were talking is getting worse.
A. that	B. about which	 C. which	D. whom
21) The engineer ______ our company relies is on holiday.
A. who	B. on whom	C. whose	D. whom
22) The dam ______ they plan to build will cover acres of forest.
A. which	B. to which	C. whom	D. where
23) He is a talented cricket player ______ abilities include fast bowling and powerful batting.
A. where 	B. whose 	C. whom D. of which
24) Eastern Rwanda is very different from the South-west, _____ monkeys, birds and orchids thrive in the high altitude primary forest.
A. when 	B. where 	C. which D. why 
25) Wednesday is the day _________ a tour guide leads a tour around the town's historical places.
A. when 	B. which 	C. whose 	D. where 
26) Robert Riva, an Italian ____ used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football team.
A. when 	B. which 	C. where 	D. who
27) The town _________ the folk festival is taking place is usually a quiet resort.
A. when 	B. where 	C. whom 	D. which 
28) As a celebrity ______ many children admire, it is important for her to act responsibly.
A. when 	B. where	C. whom 	D. whose
29) We always hold a family barbecue in our garden on Independence Day, ______ was on a Tuesday this year. 
A. what 	B. that 	C. when D. which 
30) When I was at school, there was a girl in my class ______ skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on. 
A. where 	B. whose 	C. whom 	D. that
31) We'll row until the spot _____ the river bends and then we'll turn back.
A. where 	B. when 	C. whose D. which 
32) On the days ______ I feel I need to reflect on the past and plan my future, I sit by the river and watch the swans swim past.
A. when 	B. where 	C. whose D. which
33) My mother's Elvis Presley tape, ________ she listened to every day, has broken in the music centre.
A. whose 	B. that 	C. where D. which
34) Unfortunately, the friend with ________ I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip.
A. who 	B. whom 	C. where D. that 
35) According to the research, the time at _____ most road accidents happen is early evening.
A. when 	B. which 	C. whose 	D. that 
36) The new stadium, ____ will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators.
A. what 	B. where 	C. when D. which
37) Blenheim Palace, _____ Churchill was born, is now open to the public. 
A. when 	B. where 	C. which D. whose
38) Students _______ register for courses do not have any problems.
A. whom 	B. who	C. what	D. when
39) August 23rd is the last date ______ you may transfer to another course.
A. which	B. on which	C. why	D. what
40) Our course needs some requirements ______ are listed here.
A. what	B. when	C. which	D. where
41) Before coming to my office, please check the appointment ________ are listed in my official calendar.
A. that	B. why	C. when	D. where
42) I never forget the time ____ my motorbike broke down in a very crowded street.
A. where	B. what	C. when	D. in which
43) I couldn't remember the time ______ there was no internet.
A. what	B. who	C. which	D. when
44) The restaurant ______ we had our dinner was the most expensive in this city.
A. where	B. which	C. when	D. that	
45) The top model about ______ I was telling you is on TV now.
A. who	B. which	C. that	D. whom
46) Are you the student ______ mother called me yesterday?
A. whose	B. who	C. that	D. when
47) Mary, _____ has only been in Japan for 3 months, speaks Japanese perfectly.
A. that	B. whom	C. which	D. who
48) Who is your daughter? She is the child ______ has long, straight hair.
A. whose	B. who	C. which	D. when
49) I don't think my ex-girl friend will remember the day _____ we saw each other for the first time.
A. which	B. on which	C. at which	D. why	
50) August is the month ______ I always give my birthday parties.
A. which	B. in which	C. what	D. why	
 Exercise 2 : Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the orchard 
 A B C D
contest.
2. Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left?
	 A	 B C	 D
3. She is the most beautiful woman whose I have ever met
 A B C D 
4. Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother 
 A B C
on.
D 	 	 	 
5. The New Year Day is the day where all my family members gather 
 A B C
and enjoy it together.
	 D
6. It is complicated because pollution is caused by things when benefit people. 
 A B C D 
7. The policeman must try to catch those men whom drive dangerously.
 A B C D
8. He was very surprised when he visited London, in that the drivers 
 A B C
always drive on the right hand side of the street.
 D
9. That is the man who he told me the bad news.
 A B C D
10. I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked.
 A B C D
11. The singer about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow.
 A B C D
12. The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter.
 A B C D
13. What is the name of the girl whom has just come in?	 
 A B C D
14. Do you know the reason when Englishmen travel on the left side of the streets?
 A B C D 
15. If you want a particular book, the person to see is the librarian she is 
 A B C D 
wearing glasses. 	 	 	 
16. I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it.
	 A 	 B	 C	 D
17. That commentator, his name I have forgotten, is very well-known.
 A B C D
18. Amelia Earhart, that was one of the pioneers in aviation, attempted to 
 A B C 
fly the world in 1937, but she and her plane mysteriously disappeared 
over the Pacific Ocean. 
 D 
19. Sunday is a day where we expect.
 A B C D
20. Have you ever been to Da Lat when my father has a lovely house?
 A B C D
Exercise 3 : Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:
1. This man studies biology. What do you call him?
A. What do you call a man who studies biology? 	
B. What do you call a man, who studies biology? 
C. What do you call a man studies biology? 	
D. What do you call a man whom studies biology?
2. Hemingway developed a very concise writing style. His name is well- known throughout the world.
A. Hemingway, his name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style. 
B. Hemingway, whose is name well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style. 
C. Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style.
D. Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is well- known throughout the world.
3. This is the battle field. The soldiers fought there.
A. This is the battle field which the soldiers fought. 	 	
B. This is the battle field that the soldiers fought. 
C. This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there. 	
D. This is the battle field where the soldiers fought.
4. He was born in 1983.There was a severe drought that year.
A. He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought. 	
B. He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought
C. When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born. 	
D. He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when
5. John Montagu was an English Earl. He invented the sandwich.
A. John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
B. John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. 
C. John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. 
D. John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
6. Flies, which come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
A. Flies, to come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
B. Flies, come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
C. Flies, coming mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
D. Flies, that come mostly in the summer, carry