Method of teaching conditional sentences to the students of class 10A2 at quan son 2 upper - Secondary school

Table of content
 Page
I. Introduction.......................... 2
Rationale 3
Research scope  3
Aim of the study.. 3
Methods of the study. .3
II. Literature review.... .3
2.1. An overviewon Language Teaching Methods3
2.2. The Process of teaching conditional sentences..4
III. The application of process approach 
in teaching conditioanal sentences to the students of class 10A2 at Quan Son 2 Upper Secondary school..14
3.1. The purpose .14
3.2. The participants 14
3.3. Time and the process of this application.15
IV. Conclusion.......................................................................................16
References
I. Introduction
 1.1 Rationale for the study	
English may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries. It is estimated that the number of people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 billion! 
English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessily for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforce, research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English. Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated, learning English really can change your life.
In the National curriculum, English is one of the core subjects, which are complusory in the high school final examination. Therefore, students have to study all the English skills for their tests. However, there still exist many difficulties facing teachers in teaching English to students, especially those from ethnic minorities.
Quan Son is one of the mountainous districts of Thanh Hoa province. The living condition and studying condition are poor and restrict. Most of the students of Quan Son 2 upper – secondary school are ethnic minorities such as Thai, Muong, Mong. Ethnic minority students mainly use their mother tongue to communicate inside their families and small communities. As a result, ethnic minority students fail to make progress in learning English. Especially, they have many difficulties in learning English grammar. One of the most difficult grammar parts that students have to face is comparatives and superlatives.
For these reasons, I would like to choose the topic “method of teaching Conditional sentences to the students of class 10A2 at Quan Son 2 upper- secondary school” in the hope of supplying upper-secondary students, especially the students of class 10A2 at Quan Son 2 upper- secondary school with enough knowledge of conditional sentences.
 1.2. Reseach scope
 The study focuces on applying process approach in teaching coditional sentences to the students who are in grade 10 so that they can have enough knowledge to do exercises related with conditional sentences.
 1.3. Aim of the study 
	The study is aimed to teach conditional sentences for the grade-10- students.
 1.4. Methods of the study
	In order to achieve the above aim, the teacher supplies or teaches the necessary knowledge about process approach and an overview of conditional sentences to the students. After that, students will have time to practise them and get feedback as well as correction from their friends and teacher.
 II. Literature review
2.1. An overview on Language Teaching Methods
 In the discussion of the history of Language Teaching Methods, it can be understandable that a teaching method which may be effective at one point of time in history may still be ineffective at the other point. This dynamic character of the language teaching goals make the history of foreign language teaching ever-changing, ever-adapting. Moreover, one method is replaced by another it does not mean that the former is worse than the latter and will be thrown into the wastebasket of history. It only means that the replaced method fails to correspond to a certain need at a certain time in history. As a result, the history of foreign language teaching method is not the history of replacement of one method by another. Rather, it would be the history of adapting one new method to the treasury of existing methods. A number of methods have been envolved for the teaching of English and also other foreign language in the past; howerver in Viet Nam three method which enjoy significant use and dominate the language teaching are the Grammar – Translation, the Audio – lingual method and the Communicative language teaching.
 2.2.The process of teaching conditional sentences
Theory of conditional sentences
 Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".
Conditional sentence type
Usage
If clause verb tense
Main clause
Zero
General truths
Simple present
Simple present
Type 1
A possible condition and its probable result
Simple present
Simple future
Type 2
A hypothetical condition and its probable result
Simple past
Present conditional or Present continuous conditional
Type 3
An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past
Past perfect
Perfect conditional
Mixed type
An unreal past condition and its probable result in the present
Past perfect
Present contditional
THE ZERO CONDITIONAL
The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.
If clause
Main clause
If + simple present
simple present
If this thing happens
that thing happens.
If you heat ice
it melts.
If it rains
the grass gets wet.
TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.
If clause
Main clause
If + simple present
simple future
If this thing happens
that thing will happen.
If you don't hurry
you will miss the train.
If it rains today
you will get wet.
TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
If clause
Main clause
If + simple past
present conditional or present continuous conditional
If this thing happened
that thing would happen. (but I'm not sure this thing will happen) OR
that thing would be happening.
If you went to bed earlier
you would not be so tired.
If it rained
you would get wet.
If I spoke Italian
I would be working in Italy.
TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.
If clause
Main clause
If + past perfect
Perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional
If this thing had happened
that thing would have happened. (but neither of those things really happened) OR
that thing would have been happening.
If you had studied harder
you would have passed the exam.
If it had rained
you would have gotten wet.
If I had accepted that promotion
I would have been working in Milan.
MIXED TYPE CONDITIONAL
The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is ongoing into the present. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. In mixed type conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
If clause
Main clause
If + past perfect or simple past
present conditional or perfect conditional
If this thing had happened
that thing would happen. (but this thing didn't happen so that thing isn't happening)
If I had worked harder at school
I would have a better job now.
If we had looked at the map
we wouldn't be lost.
If you weren't afraid of spiders
you would have picked it up and put it outside.
Remember!
- The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in if-clauses. EXCEPTION: If will or would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-clauses.
e.g. If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.
I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.
(= ± please, come this way; please, give me...)
- For the second conditional, were replaces was:
If I were a rich man...
- After if, we can either use "some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one, -where...).
If I have some spare time next weekend....or : 
If I have any spare time...
-  Instead of if not, we can use unless.
e.g. I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.
- There is a "mixed type" as well, for the present results of an unreal condition in the past:
If + Past Perfect - would + inf.
If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].
REVISION EXERCISES.
Exercise 1 : Put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentences
1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have)  _________________plenty of time.
2.  If you (find) _________________ a skeleton in the cellar, don't mention it to anyone.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ( feed) _________________ the animals..
4. If you pass your examination, we (have) _________________a celebration.  
5.  Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _________________ for it in the fridge.
6. What (happen) _________________if I press this button?
7.  The door will be unlocked if you (press)_________________  the green button.
8.  I should have voted for her if I (have) _________________ a vote then.
9.  If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _________________?
10.  If you (swim) _________________ in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.
11. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) _________________?
12. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _________________thick.
13. If the milkman (come) _________________, tell him to leave two pints.
14. I (call) _________________ the office if I were you.
15. Someone (sit) _________________on your glasses if you leave them there.
16. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) _________________so much.
17. What I (do) _________________if I hear the burglar alarm?
18. If you (read) _________________the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong question.
19. If Mel (ask)  _________________ her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.
20. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _________________a long ladder.
21. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _________________mad.
22. If you were made redundant, what you (do) _________________?
23. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) _________________out of petrol here.
24. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _________________ fit to drink.
25. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _________________ you.
26. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) _________________with me.
27. You (not have) _________________ so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
28. If you (wear) _________________ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.
29. If she (leave) _________________ the fish here, the cat will eat it.
30. You (have) _________________ no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
31. Unless you (tell) __________________ the truth, I won’t help you.
32. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) _________________ your wet clothes.
33. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus, I (not buy) _________________ it.
34. If they (hang) _________________ that picture lower, people would be able to see it.
35. She (be) _________________able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel shoes.
36. I (bring) _________________ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
37. If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) _________________ electrocuted.
38. If the story hadn't been true, the newspaper (not print) _________________ it.
39. I (not buy) _________________ things on the installment system if I were you.
40. Dan (arrive) _________________ safe if he drove slowly.
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences
1. If I __________the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.
A. have           B. would have             C. had had             D. should have
2. I __________you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
A. would have visited             B. visited             C. had visited              D. visit
3. __________more help, I would call my neighbor.
A. needed            B. should I need         C. I have needed         D. I should need
4. __________then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
A. had I known           B. did I know      C. If I know          D. If I would know
5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people __________the same language?
A. spoke                  B. speak          C. had spoken            D. will speak
6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, __________this incident again.
A.  I will never mention          B. I never mention     
C. will I never mention           D. I don’t mention
7. If I had known you were asleep, I __________so much noise when I came in.
A. didn’t make                        B. wouldn’t have made         
C. won’t make                        D. don’t make
8. Unless you __________all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
A. answered               B. answer            C. would answer         D. are answering
9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I __________it.
A. would have never believed            B. don’t believe
 C. hadn’t believed                             D. can’t believe
10. If Jake __________to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A. doesn’t agree        B. didn’t agree      C. hadn’t agreed        D. wouldn’t agree
11. J:  “John went to the hospital alone”,
      K: “If __________,I would have gone with him”.
A. had he told me    B. he had told me    C. he has told me   D. he would tell me
12. If you __________, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I didn’t want to bother you.
A. had studied                B-studied          C. hadn’t studied        D. didn’t study
13. Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”.
      Mary: “If I had needed, I __________you”.
A. would call              B. called         C. would have called D. will call
14. If someone __________ in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A. comes            B. came         C. come         D. should come
15. “Here’s my phone number”.
      “Thanks. I‘ll give you a call if I __________some help tomorrow”
A. will need                  B. need               C. would need            D. needed
16. If I didn’t work for an accounting firm, I __________in a bank now.
A. work           B. will work           C. have worked           D. would work
17. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions __________improved.
A. was                    B. is                   C. were                   D. had been
18-The education in Japan __________if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration.
A. would go down                                          B. would have gone down
C. went down                                                 D. had gone down
19. If there __________, the rice fields could have been more productive.
A. had been enough water                  B. were enough water
C. would be enough water                  D. are enough water
20. The patient will not recover unless he __________ an operation.
A. had undergone       B. would undergo     C. undergoes       D. was undergoing
21. If she __________ him, she would be very happy.
A. would meet            B. will meet              C. met              D. should meet
22-If he __________ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
A. had had                  B. had                       C. has                 D. has had
23. If I had enough money, I__________ abroad to improve my English.
A. will go                    B. would go          C. went             D. should have go to
24.The bench would collapse if they __________on it.
A. stood                      B. stand                C. standing                  D. stands
25-If it __________convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight,
A. be                B. is                 C. was                 D. were
Exercise 3: Make conditional sentences.
She got married at such an early age, so she isn’t at university now. 
She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children.
As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her friends.
It’s very cold, so we can’t go swimming.
You drink too much coffee; that’s why you can’t sleep.
We don’t have a big house . We can’t invite friends to stay. 
The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.
I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address.
We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
The farmers didn’t have enough rain , so they could not grow rice . 
His friends were late, so they missed the train . 
Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you one of my biscuits. 
You won’t ask the teacher. He won’t explain the lesson to you.
City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive.
I didn't bring extra money with me because you didn't tell me we were 
 going to the dinner after the movies.
Answers:
Exercise 1:
1.  will have                 2. find                         3. had fed                  4. will 
5. looked                     6. will happen              7. press                     8. had had
9. will you stay            10. swim                      11. would you choose      12. gets
13. comes                    14. would call             15. will sit                 16. don’t talk
17. will you do            18. had read                19. had asked             20. had
21. will go                   22. would you do        23. run                      24. won’t be
25. would have understand                            26. comes          27. wouldn’t have
28. had worn               29. leaves                    30. would have had           31. Tell
32. don’t change         33. wouldn’t have bought                     34. hung
35. would be               36. would have b